Staffing
CMS publishes a 2-star staffing rating for this facility.
RN staffing was 0.50 hours per resident day in 2026Q1, calculated from CMS PBJ records.
View staffing evidenceAsk Trust Hub Network
CMS overview
No proprietary TrustHub score. These ratings are published separately by CMS.
Facility information
CMS remains the primary federal record. Public website and additional contact details appear only when independently verified.
Decision guide
Factual evidence to examine before you decide. These summaries are not a score or recommendation.
CMS publishes a 2-star staffing rating for this facility.
RN staffing was 0.50 hours per resident day in 2026Q1, calculated from CMS PBJ records.
View staffing evidenceThe latest standard inspection on Dec 5, 2025 cited 7 deficiencies.
View inspection evidenceCMS-published records list 35 ownership or control parties.
View ownership evidenceCMS groups this facility with a chain covering 14 facilities across 4 states or territories.
View chain evidenceCMS records show a 42-day payment denial in the loaded enforcement dataset.
View enforcement evidence →Ownership & operation
Operator, licensee, owner, manager, and chain stay separate. A connected organization is not automatically the party that runs daily operations.
SeniorTrustHub found evidence connecting this facility to:
41 currently connected nursing homes share this CMS organization identity with PHILIPSON FAMILY LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, LLC.
These figures summarize currently connected CMS-certified nursing homes. Some facilities have incomplete measures; missing values are omitted, not treated as zero. Ownership structures can change. State operator or licensee evidence may differ from CMS ownership disclosures.
Ownership
These are CMS-published ownership disclosures. Medicare enrollment ownership and managerial-control information is reported by enrolled providers through CMS forms; it is not an independent determination of beneficial ownership.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER DIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 100%
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 24%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 12%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 10%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 5%
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 10%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Apr 6, 2025
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2021
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Organization · 5% OR GREATER DIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 100%
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 4 across PA.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 23.75%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 6 across PA, TN.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 11.87%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 10 across MA, PA.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 10.25%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 32 across IN, KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MS, NE, NJ, OK, PA, TN, TX.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 25.63%
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 40 across FL, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN.
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 10.25%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 14 across IN, MI, PA.
Individual · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 5%
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Organization · 5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST
Published ownership percentage: 10.25%
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 28, 2020
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 15 across PA.
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 30 across IA, IN, MA, MI, PA.
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Individual · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
Organization · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2025
CMS classifications: Management services company
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 37 across FL, IA, IN, MA, MI, PA.
Individual · ADP OF THE SNF
Association date reported to CMS: Apr 6, 2025
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 30 across IA, IN, MA, MI, PA.
Individual · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jul 1, 2021
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
CMS classifications: Management services company
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 22 across MA, PA.
Organization · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Jan 1, 2019
CMS classifications: Management services company
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 37 across FL, IA, IN, MA, MI, PA.
Individual · OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL
Association date reported to CMS: Aug 15, 2016
Organization · Medicare-enrolled legal organization
Other facilities connected through this exact CMS organization identity: 0 across PA.
Roles are shown as CMS publishes them. Different CMS sources can describe different enrollment, ownership, and control concepts, so TrustHub keeps each source-specific disclosure distinct.
Chain context
Chain-level values describe this CMS-defined group, not any one facility. CMS Chain ID 424 is a grouping identifier, not a legal organization.
| Month | Facilities | Overall rating | Staffing rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wed Jul | 14 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
| Mon Jun | 14 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Fri May | 14 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Wed Apr | 14 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
| Sun Mar | 14 | 2.8 | 3 |
| Sun Feb | 16 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
Nursing Home Chain Performance Measures, fixed version da2db00a-0f3d-40a9-a535-588ff1220c55. Membership comes separately from CMS Skilled Nursing Facility Enrollments.
View official CMS sourceInspections & deficiencies
Scope and severity terms below are CMS classifications. They are not a TrustHub score.
No health-deficiency rows were deterministically linked to this inspection.
Prevent the use of unnecessary psychotropic medications or use medications that may restrain a resident's ability to function.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Provide care or services that was trauma informed and/or culturally competent.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
CMS scope/severity F: Widespread; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Have policies on smoking.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jan 13, 2026)
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
CMS scope/severity G: Isolated; Actual harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Nov 11, 2025)
Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Nov 11, 2025)
No health-deficiency rows were deterministically linked to this inspection.
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Provide activities to meet all resident's needs.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Ensure food and drink is palatable, attractive, and at a safe and appetizing temperature.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Provide special eating equipment and utensils for residents who need them and appropriate assistance.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
CMS scope/severity F: Widespread; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Conduct and document a facility-wide assessment to determine what resources are necessary to care for residents competently during both day-to-day operations (including nights and weekends) and emergencies.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Mar 25, 2025)
Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Sep 17, 2024)
Allow residents to self-administer drugs if determined clinically appropriate.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
No health-deficiency rows were deterministically linked to this inspection.
Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Respond appropriately to all alleged violations.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
CMS scope/severity K: Pattern; Immediate jeopardy to resident health or safety.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with dementia.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Ensure each resident’s drug regimen must be free from unnecessary drugs.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Ensure each resident receives and the facility provides food that accommodates resident allergies, intolerances, and preferences, as well as appealing options.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
CMS scope/severity F: Widespread; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Administer the facility in a manner that enables it to use its resources effectively and efficiently.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Conduct and document a facility-wide assessment to determine what resources are necessary to care for residents competently during both day-to-day operations (including nights and weekends) and emergencies.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Set up an ongoing quality assessment and assurance group to review quality deficiencies and develop corrective plans of action.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS scope/severity F: Widespread; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Implement a program that monitors antibiotic use.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (May 21, 2024)
Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Jun 21, 2024)
Protect each resident from the wrongful use of the resident's belongings or money.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Apr 12, 2024)
Make sure there is a pest control program to prevent/deal with mice, insects, or other pests.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Apr 12, 2024)
Prevent the use of unnecessary psychotropic medications or use medications that may restrain a resident's ability to function.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Feb 15, 2024)
Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
CMS scope/severity D: Isolated; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Feb 15, 2024)
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
CMS scope/severity E: Pattern; No actual harm with potential for more than minimal harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
Correction status: Deficient, Provider has date of correction (Feb 15, 2024)
Penalties & enforcement
Payment denial length: 42 days
Published fine amount: $25,275.00
Questions to ask
Facility history
14 historical events available. Dates and values come from published CMS and official state regulator evidence, not a score.
RN staffing increased from 0.32 to 0.50 hours per resident day between 2025Q4 and 2026Q1. Staffing improved across those reported periods.
0.32 → 0.50
CMS · Reported in a source release · View related evidence
Total nurse staffing increased from 1.82 to 3.23 hours per resident day between 2025Q4 and 2026Q1. Staffing improved across those reported periods.
1.82 → 3.23
CMS · Reported in a source release · View related evidence
RN staffing decreased from 0.45 to 0.32 hours per resident day between 2025Q3 and 2025Q4. Staffing declined across those reported periods.
0.45 → 0.32
CMS · Reported in a source release · View related evidence
Total nurse staffing decreased from 2.56 to 1.82 hours per resident day between 2025Q3 and 2025Q4. Staffing declined across those reported periods.
2.56 → 1.82
CMS · Reported in a source release · View related evidence
7 deficiencies were recorded.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
2 deficiencies were recorded. That includes 1 higher-severity deficiency.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
9 deficiencies were recorded.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
1 deficiency was recorded.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
5 deficiencies were recorded.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
16 deficiencies were recorded. That includes 1 higher-severity deficiency.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
3 deficiencies were recorded.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
CMS recorded a $25,275 civil monetary penalty.
CMS · Recorded event date · View related evidence
Staffing
CMS staffing rating: 2 of 5 stars. CMS calculates that rating separately using its published methodology. The values below are calculations from daily PBJ records for 2026Q1 (current source quarter).
| Measure | Monday–Friday | Saturday–Sunday |
|---|---|---|
| Total nursing | 3.371 | 2.897 |
| RN categories | 0.576 | 0.323 |
Contract staff accounted for 10.8% of reported nursing hours included in this quarter calculation.
Reported RN-category hours per resident day were 0.182 higher than the prior loaded quarter.
Solid bar: Total nursing · Outlined bar: RN categories
| Quarter | Total nursing | RN categories | LPN/LVN | CNA | Contract share | Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025Q2 | 2.679 | 0.499 | 0.828 | 1.352 | 14.6% | 91 |
| 2025Q3 | 2.563 | 0.446 | 0.795 | 1.322 | 17.3% | 92 |
| 2025Q4 | 1.82 | 0.321 | 0.639 | 0.86 | 22.7% | 92 |
| 2026Q1 | 3.234 | 0.503 | 0.871 | 1.86 | 10.8% | 90 |
Hours-per-resident-day values are calculated by this platform from CMS-published daily PBJ hours and MDS census. For each displayed period, included hours are summed and divided by the summed census for days with a positive census. They are not CMS case-mix-adjusted staffing measures or a staffing rating.
View official CMS PBJ sourceWhat we can verify today
These measures come from the current successfully ingested CMS Nursing Home Provider Information release.
Planned evidence layers
These areas require separate authoritative CMS datasets. No findings are shown until those sources are ingested and reviewed.
Trust participation
Claims, corrections, and factual context are free. Submissions never replace CMS evidence or affect ranking.
Source register
No paid placements. Facilities cannot pay to rank higher. We cite. You decide.